Quantum dots are positioned within a layered composite film to produce
one-dimensional and multi-dimensional shift registers within the film.
Charge carriers are driven into the quantum dots by energy in connected
control paths. The charge carriers are trapped in the quantum dots
through quantum confinement, such that the charge carriers form
artificial atoms, which serve as dopants for the surrounding materials.
The atomic number of each artificial atom is adjusted through precise
variations in the voltage across the quantum dot that confines it. The
position of the artificial atom in the film is moved by varying the
location of confinement and thus operates as a shift register.