A method testing executive functioning of a subject includes determining the subject's performance ceiling for performing at least one task and then measuring the subject's efficiency at performing the task at a difficulty level just below the performance ceiling, first without additional distractions and then with additional distractions. The subject's executive functioning is then determined by comparing the subject's efficiency without additional distractions to the subject's efficiency with additional distractions. In one embodiment, the method can be implemented in a game-like format.