A method for simulating characteristics of a light-emitting device by calculating optical and electrical properties of the light-emitting device includes steps of calculating a concentration of excitons in the light-emitting device and calculating data sets including a first data set comprising a light extraction efficiency, a second data set comprising a total emission power factor of excitons, a third data set comprising a photometric quantity and a fourth dataset comprising an emission power factor and a power reflector. The method further includes calculating a device characteristic of the light-emitting device in a measurable dimension.