There is provided a multi-carrier transmission system which includes: an encoder for converting a data sequence into encoded symbols corresponding to respective sub-carriers; a first shifter for rearranging the encoded symbols to define a guard interval length; an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) unit for inverse fast Fourier transforming the rearranged encoded symbols; a second shifter for processing the transformed symbols to effect a frequency shift to compensate for a frequency shift effected by the IFFT unit; and a guard interval inserter for interleaving symbol replicas with the processed symbols according to the guard interval length. The data transmission system of the present invention performs sub-carrier relocation function and guard interval insertion function using relatively simple elements in order to reduce the data processing time. As a result, the transmission efficiency of the entire communication system is enhanced.