A CAM device that performs operations on-chip during testing. The CAM device can, for example, include circuitry that compares search results with an expected address to determine whether the expected address is defective. The CAM can be tested by applying search data and the expected address to the CAM at the same time, and determining if a match occurs at the expected address. In another approach, a reset match enable is used to limit the search to only a CAM memory location that has been written to, thereby limiting the test search to only the location containing test data.