In a mercury-free arc tube, electrodes are configured by electrode rods
heat-treated at 1,200 to 2,200.degree. C. in a vacuum atmosphere, and
which have a thickness of 0.3 mm or more. The size (radius R) of a
residual compression strain layer formed around the electrode rod is set
to be 1/4 or less of the width D of the pinch seal portion. A glass layer
outside the residual compression strain layer is thickened, thereby
enhancing the strength of the pinch seal portion.