According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety designated XB10M06. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety XB10M06, to the plants of soybean XB10M06 to plant parts of soybean variety XB10M06 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing plants of the soybean variety XB10M06 with another soybean plant, using XB10M06 as either the male or the female parent.