One embodiment relates to a dynamic pattern generator for controllably reflecting charged particles. The generator includes at least a controllable light emitter array, an optical lens, and an array of light-sensitive devices. The controllable light emitter array is configured to emit a pattern of light. The optical lens is configured to demagnify the pattern of light. The array of light-sensitive devices is configured to receive the demagnified pattern of light and to produce a corresponding pattern of surface voltages. Other embodiments and features are also disclosed.