A novel soybean cultivar, designated 0491730, is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 0491730, to the plants of soybean 0491730 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing the cultivar 0491730 with itself or another soybean variety. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds and plants produced by crossing the cultivar 0491730 with another soybean cultivar.