A polarization bearing detection type two-dimensional light reception timing detecting device for implementing a fast surface shape measurement that can accommodate an animal body measurement, and a surface shape measuring device using it. The polarization bearing of a detection light is turned in synchronization with slit light scanning, and the polarization bearing is two-dimensionally recorded by two sets of analyzers and storage type image detectors in a crossed Nicols arrangement, and thereby it is possible to determine, with only one-time imaging, timing at which a slit light is beamed into respected pixels in the storage type image detectors.