The present application describes lactam-containing compounds and derivatives thereof of Formula I:

P₄—P—M—M₄I

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, wherein

ring P, if present is a 5-7 membered carbocycle or heterocycle and ring M is a 5-7 membered carbocycle or heterocycle. Compounds of the present invention are useful as inhibitors of trypsin-like serine proteases, specifically factor Xa.