It is an object of the invention to supply an optical communication device and an optical communication module that are provided with a substrate, a vertical waveguide that is formed in the substrate and that is for transmitting light in a thickness direction of the substrate, a horizontal waveguide that is formed in the substrate and that is for transmitting light in a planar direction of the substrate, and a light bending portion for optically coupling the vertical waveguide and the horizontal waveguide. The substrate is a laminated body including a first substrate in whose surface a groove is formed and in which a reflective mirror is disposed on at least one end of the groove, and a second substrate layered to the surface of the first substrate in which the groove is formed and in which a through hole located in opposition to the portion of the groove in which the reflective mirror is disposed is formed. The horizontal waveguide includes a cavity formed by the groove and a reflective film that covers the wall surfaces of the cavity, and transmits light through its cavity. The vertical waveguide include a cavity formed by the through hole and a reflective film that covers the wall surfaces of the cavity, and transmits light through its cavity. The light bending portion includes the reflective mirror, and due to reflection at the surface of the reflective mirror, the light transmission direction is changed from the thickness direction to the planar direction of the substrate or from the planar direction to the thickness direction of the substrate.