The present invention relates to an apparatus for photographing an experimental object or animal. The apparatus comprises: a two-dimensional image photographing device which includes a light source, a first optical filter wheel, a first motor, a beam splitter, a second motor, a first window, a second window, an optical zoom module, a second optical filter wheel, a fourth motor, a photographing means and a first enclosure; a three-dimensional image photographing device which includes a laser scanner, a test tube, a third motor, a test tube mounting stand and a second enclosure; and a control section for controlling the operations of the first motor, the second motor, the optical zoom module, the photographing means, the third motor and the fourth motor. The experimental object photographing apparatus includes the three-dimensional experimental object photographing device detachably mounted to the two-dimensional image photographing device so as to obtain two-and three-dimensional images of the experimental object. Since the three-dimensional image photographing device is coupled to the two-dimensional image photographing device only when it is desired to photograph the three-dimensional image, its installation and operation are easy and the two-and three-dimensional image photographing devices do not need to be purchased separately, thereby saving the cost.