The present disclosure relates to a composition for simultaneously bleaching and dyeing keratin fibers, comprising at least one direct dye chosen from anionic dyes, nonionic dyes, and addition salts thereof, with the exception of 7-(6'-methylphenylazo)-1-acetamido-3,6-disulfo-8-hydroxynaphthalene, ortho-nitroanilines substituted meta to the amino group, quinoline and quinoline derivatives, and addition salts thereof, at least one inert organic liquid, at least one peroxygenated salt and at least one alkaline agent. The disclosure also relates to a process for simultaneously bleaching and dyeing keratin fibers using this composition.