Processes for coloring a keratin material, comprising applying to the keratin material, in the presence of oxygen, at least one component (A) comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium:--at least one dye precursor chosen from compounds comprising at least one aromatic ring comprising at least two hydroxyl groups borne by two successive carbon atoms of the at least one aromatic ring, and at least one catalytic system comprising at least one first catalyst (1) chosen from Mn(II) and Zn(II) salts and oxides and/or at least one second catalyst (2) chosen from alkali metal hydrogen carbonates and alkaline-earth metal hydrogen carbonates followed by applying at least one component (B) comprising at least one acidic composition to fix the shade and followed by applying at least one component (C) comprising at least one alkaline composition to increase the intensity of the color or to modify the shade and optionally fixing the new color or shade obtained by applying a new application of at least one composition (B).