A radiographic imaging device for capturing an excellent X-ray image in which the contrast of edge portions such as a cartilage tissue of a human body is enhanced by using a Talbot interferometer, and a radiographic imaging system for processing the captured image. The radiographic imaging device comprises an X-ray tube for applying X-rays having an average energy of 15 to 60 keV, a first diffraction grating for diffracting X-rays transmitted through a subject (H) to produce the Talbot effect, a second diffraction grating for diffracting X-rays diffracted by the first diffraction grating, and an X-ray detector for detecting X-rays diffracted by the second diffraction grating. The second diffraction grating is disposed in contact with the X-ray detector. The distance L between the X-ray tube and the first diffraction grating is 0.5 m or more. The distance Z.sub.1 between the first and second diffraction gratings is 0.05 m or more. The focus diameter a of the X-ray tube is 1 .mu.m or more.