The new single mode circuit (SMC) architecture is invented for photonic
integrated circuits (PIC). This architecture allows using multimode
waveguides or structures to construct a single mode operated PIC. The
multimode sections used in such SMC based PIC possess strong lateral
confinement so that the PIC can have high circuit density and high
optical performance at the same time. A parallel mode converter structure
is also invented here. Based on this parallel mode converter, a low loss
optical splitter can be constructed for high index contrast waveguide
system.