An apparatus for converting a manned aircraft for unmanned flight, the
aircraft including at least one pilot control capable of manipulation to
affect operation of the aircraft, the apparatus comprising a first
actuator and a second actuator each configured to selectively provide
movement or resistance to movement in a first manner including linear or
rotational motion, a first clutch and a second clutch each configured to
selectively couple movement of the associated actuator to the pilot
control, and a vehicle controller capable of being selectively enabled to
operate the pilot control actuators and clutches providing unmanned
operation of the aircraft or disabled providing manned operation of the
aircraft. The first actuator has a first scope describing a first amount
of allowable movement, while the second actuator has a second scope
larger than the first scope.