The present teachings provide silole-based polymers that can be used as p-type semiconductors. More specifically, the present teachings provide polymers that include a repeating unit of Formula I: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, Z, x, and x' are as defined herein. The present teachings also provide methods of preparing these polymers, and relate to various compositions, composites, and devices that incorporate these polymers.

 
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