A cylindrical alkaline storage battery suitable for increasing capacity thereof and arranged to prevent a short circuit between positive and negative electrodes. The battery has an electrically-conductive cylindrical outer can that accommodates therein an electrode group and an alkaline electrolyte. The electrode group is formed by rolling up a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The positive electrode includes a main part and a terminal end part integrally formed to extend from one end of the main part and smaller in thickness than the main part. The terminal end part has an inner face thereof flush with an inner face of the main part. Between the positive electrode and the separator disposed on the outer face side of the positive electrode, an insulating protective piece is disposed at the boundary between the main part and terminal end part of the positive electrode.