An adjusting structure for adjusting the rise and fall of a mattress by air spring, comprises a plurality of air springs and a control device. The air springs are located under the mattress, and the control device controls the amount of air in the respective air springs so as to control their extension and retraction, thus adjusting the rise and fall of the mattress and producing a massage effect. Further, according to different figures of different users, the mattress can be adjusted to a most appropriate sleeping posture for the users.