The present invention relates to artificial receptors, arrays or microarrays of artificial receptors or candidate artificial receptors, methods of and compositions for making them, and methods of using them. Each artificial receptor includes a plurality of building block compounds. In an embodiment, at least one of the building blocks includes a tether moiety. The tether can provide spacing or distance between the recognition element and the support or scaffold to which the building block is immobilized. A tether moiety can have any of a variety of characteristics or properties including flexibility, rigidity or stiffness, ability to bond to another tether moiety, and the like.