The present invention relates to the use of one or more free radical scavengers as prophylactically or therapeutically effective substances and microparticles having an average particle size ranging from 5 to 200 .mu.m for the preparation of a topical pharmaceutical composition for the protection or treatment of skin or hair damages caused by chemotherapeutic treatment. The invention also concerns a method for the protection or treatment of skin and hair damages of a mammal caused by chemotherapy. The invention further relates to a kit for the protection or treatment of hair damages caused by chemotherapeutic treatment consisting of a topical composition comprising microparticles together with free radical scavengers and a shampoo for an effective hair cleaning and supporting the hair treatment. A kit for the protection or treatment of skin damages caused by chemotherapy consisting of a topical composition comprising microparticles together with free radical scavengers and a cleansing milk for an effective skin cleaning and supporting the skin treatment is a further object of the present invention.