This invention relates generally to the field of urology. In particular, the invention provides a method for preventing or treating male erectile dysfunction or female sexual arousal disorder, which method comprises administering an effective amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or a functional derivative or fragment thereof, or a nucleic acid encoding said VEGF, BDNF or bFGF, or functional derivative or fragment thereof, or an agent that enhances production and/or erection or sexual arousal stimulating function of said VEGF or BDNF or bFGF to a mammal, wherein such prevention or treatment is desirable, thereby preventing or treating said male erectile dysfunction or female sexual arousal disorder in said mammal. Combinations, combinatorial methods and kits for preventing or treating male erectile dysfunction or female sexual arousal disorder are also provided.