The invention is directed to a film which comprises a poly(carboxylic
acid) polymer and a polyvalent metal compound, which is endowed with
excellent gas barrier property against, for example oxygen, which has
such resistance that the appearance, shape, and gas-barrier properties
are not impaired by neutral water, high-temperature water vapor, or hot
water; a laminate produced by use of the film; and a process for
producing the film or laminate industrially conveniently at low cost. The
film or laminate of the present invention is suitable for use as a
package, packaging container, or vacuum insulation material for articles
which are apt to be deteriorated by oxygen, etc., such as foods,
beverages, chemicals, medicines, and metallic precision parts; e.g.,
electronic parts. Furthermore, there can be provided a packaging material
suitable for use with articles which are required to be reliably
insulated from gases for prolonged periods and should be treated under
high-temperature, hot-water conditions as in boiling or pressurized
high-temperature sterilization.