Fluid treatment elements substantially inhibit electrical charge
imbalances and/or build-ups of electrical charges. A fluid treatment
element may comprise a multilayer composite including an electrically
conductive fibrous matrix, having an upstream side and a downstream side,
disposed on a porous substrate, also having an upstream side and a
downstream side, which supports the fibrous matrix. The fibrous matrix
may include a combination of conductive and nonconductive fibers, wherein
the conductive fibers include metal, carbon, or conductive polymer fibers
and substantially inhibit an electrical charge and/or build-up of
electrical charge. The conductive fibers of the electrically conductive
fibrous matrix may comprise less than about 50% by weight of the
conductive and nonconductive fibers and may have diameters in the range
from about 1 .mu.m or less to about 10 .mu.m. The multilayer composite
may also include a drainage layer positioned along one of the upstream
side of the fibrous matrix and the downstream side of the porous
substrate.