An apparatus and method of using the apparatus to prepare a biocompatible
biodegradable matrix capable of supporting cells to form an implantable
or engraftable surgical device. A matrix-forming fluid is contained
within a chamber defined by top and bottom surfaces of a thermally
conductive material and spacers defining the thickness of the matrix. The
chamber is then cooled to freeze the solution at a controlled rate,
resulting in a matrix with a desired and uniform thickness having
symmetric and uniform reticulations. The apparatus and method
reproducibly forms such a matrix, which may be populated with cells for
transplantation and engraftment into a wound.