The present invention is directed to providing a secure signed, encrypted or validated content generation system. In particular, embodiments of the present invention allow the integrity of a content generation process to be verified by comparing a viewpoint of that process, as it exists in memory at the time content to be signed is generated, to a viewpoint of that process in memory obtained under controlled conditions. If verification is successful, the generated content is signed using a private key maintained as part of a keystore module.