Oral phototherapy applicators are disclosed that are sized and shaped so as to fit at least partially in a user's mouth and have at least one radiation emitter coupled to an apparatus body to irradiate a portion of the oral cavity with phototherapeutic radiation, the emitter being capable of delivering radiation to a region of facial tissue. The apparatus can be configured to direct radiation to at least one portion of the oral cavity, e.g., a tooth, cheek, tongue, palate, throat, lymphatic tissue, blood, gland, follicle, collagen and pigmentation. In one embodiment, radiation from the emitter can penetrate the muscosal lining of the oral cavity and deliver phototherapeutic energy to a region of facial tissue. The apparatus can further include bristles to provide a phototherapeutic toothbrush. Alternatively, the apparatus body can be adapted for placement in a fixed position relative to the oral cavity during phototherapy.