A dental cement composition comprising an organic polymer and an inorganic powder including a polyvalent metal compound. The polymer comprises a unit (A) containing a (substituted) carboxyl group represented by a formula (I), and a unit (B) containing a (substituted) carbamoyl group represented by a formula (II). A sum of the units (A) and (B) accounts for at least 20 mol % of all units that form the organic polymer and a ratio of the unit (A)/unit (B) in the organic polymer is within a range from 0.6/1.0 to 1.0/0.6. When the quantity of the unit (A) or (B) having a smaller quantity than the other unit within the polymer is deemed 100 mol %, then in at least 70 mol % of the unit (A) or (B), carbons bonded to the (substituted) carboxyl group in the unit (A) and the (substituted) carbamoyl group in the unit (B) are either directly adjacent, or bonded together via a methylene group or ethylene group. (In formula (I), n represents either 0 or 1, X represents a hydrogen atom, --NH.sub.4, or 1/mM (wherein, M is a metal atom selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkali earth metals, transition metals, Zn and Cd, and m represents a valency of the metal), and R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.) (In formula (II), n represents either 0 or 1, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aralkyl group or phosphonoxyalkyl group of 1 to 18 carbon atoms.)