A watermarking system comprises an encoding data processor operable to
generate at least one marked version of an original item of material by
introducing one of a predetermined set of code words into a copy of the
original material item. The encoding processor comprises a code word
generator operable to form the code word by generating a plurality of
code word coefficients, and an encoder operable to combine the code word
coefficients with the material item, and an adaptation processor. The
adaptation processor is operable to adapt the strength of the code word
coefficients or the material item samples in accordance with a relative
sensitivity of the material item samples to carry the code word
coefficients. The strength of the watermark is therefore adapted in
accordance with the sensitivity of the material item to carry watermark
code word coefficients. As a result there is a reduced likelihood of an
attacker identifying parts of the material item to which the watermark
code word has been added. A likelihood of a successful attack is thereby
reduced whilst maintaining a desired false negative detection
probability.The watermarking system finds particular application in
identifying a point of distribution of pirate copies of video material
generated by capturing the watermarked image, using, for example, a
camcorder in a cinema.