The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is a 5- or 6-membered ring which may be substituted; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; Z.sup.1 is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring; Z.sup.2 is a group represented by -Z.sup.2a-W.sup.2-Z.sup.2b wherein Z.sup.2a and Z.sup.2b are each O, S(O).sub.m (wherein m is 0, 1 or 2), an imino group, or a bond; and W.sup.2 is an alkylene chain which may be substituted; n is an integer of 0 to 4; Y is O, S(O).sub.p (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2), CH.sub.2 or NR.sup.4 (wherein R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, or an acyl group); and R.sup.2 is (1) an amino group, in which the nitrogen atom is converted to quaternary ammonium or oxide, (2) a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group which may contain a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom as a ring-constituting atom, in which the nitrogen atom may be converted to a quaternary ammonium or an oxide, and the like, or a salt thereof. The compound has excellent CCR5 antagonist activity and is useful as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic medicine for HIV infection in human peripheral mononuclear blood cells, especially AIDS.

 
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> Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-.alpha. modulators, synthesis of said modulators and their enantiomers and methods of using said modulators

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