A software module operating within a network device, such as an operating system, manages state information within hierarchically ordered and temporally-linked data structure. The software module sends state change messages to other software modules within the network device, referred to as consumers, in an order that corresponds to the hierarchical order and the temporal linking. The data structure may comprise a plurality of objects to store state information. The operating system may receive event messages that indicate a change to the state information. The objects may be hierarchically linked in accordance with a hierarchy representing relationships of event messages. The objects may be temporally linked in accordance with the order in which the operating system receives event messages. The operating system may traverse the data structure according to the temporal and hierarchical links to select state change messages to send to a consumer.

 
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> Apparatus, system, and method for differential backup using snapshot on-write data

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