The invention concerns a method for differentiating precursor cells into mature dendritic cells, comprising placing the precursor cells in a medium suitable for their differentiation and adding to the medium, in a predetermined amount, at least one fraction of oxidized lipoproteins selected among oxidized very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and/or oxidized intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs) and/or oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDLs). The precursor cells are preferably monocytes.