An approach for pre-activating network devices includes using prior usage of a network device to estimate times when the network device will be used in the future. The network device is then pre-activated, i.e., transitioned to an active operational state, prior to the estimated times so that the network device will be ready when needed. This reduces or eliminates delays in processing attributable to having to wait for the network device to transition to the active operational state.

 
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> Semiconductor wafer position shift measurement and correction

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