Exemplary systems and techniques for treating contaminated water are described. In one instance a plant or system includes a membrane filtration mechanism operable to receive an influent water stream containing a contaminant and to separate at least a first portion of the contaminant from a resulting first effluent water stream. The system also includes a reactive filtration mechanism operable to receive the first effluent water stream and to remove a waste stream containing a second portion of the contaminant to produce a resultant second effluent stream.