Food compositions are described according to the invention which have specified nutrient content modification. In particular, food compositions intended for human consumption are provided having added L-lysine and a specified ratio of L-lysine content to L-arginine content. For example, a food composition intended for human consumption is provided which includes a food having more endogenous L-arginine than endogenous L-lysine, and an amount of added L-lysine such that the amount of added L-lysine in combination with the amount of endogenous L-lysine is sufficient to equal or exceed the amount of endogenous L-arginine. The added L-lysine is applied to the food such that it is ingested along with the food. Processes for producing a nutrient modified food composition are also provided, along with food products which include a nutrient modified food composition.