Methods and compositions for the detection, identification, and quantification of compounds of interest in a sample are provided. The compositions and methods include arrays and kits comprising a population of surrogate antibodies that bind compounds of interest. The surrogate antibodies can be immobilized on to a solid support by means of an interaction between a recognition nucleotide sequence comprised in the surrogate antibody and a capture nucleotide sequence comprised in a capture probe attached to the solid support. Also provided are methods of using the arrays for research and clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, environmental testing, food testing, and testing for the use of agents of biological and chemical warfare.