According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety designated XB31H06. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety XB31H06, to the plants of soybean XB31H06 to plant parts of soybean variety XB31H06 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing plants of the soybean variety XB31H06 with another soybean plant, using XB31H06 as either the male or the female parent.