A method is disclosed for associating pre-printed machine-readable graphical codes with electronically-accessible data. An arbitrary sequence of reference identifiers is generated. Machine-readable graphical codes for the reference identifiers are generated. Labels are then printed that include the machine-readable graphical codes to provide pre-printed machine-readable graphical-code labels. In using the labels, the user places one of the pre-printed machine-readable graphical-code labels on an object and scans the label using a graphical code reading device in electronic communication with a computing device. The computing device receives graphical code data and determines a reference identifier of the graphical code data. A database is then accessed for the reference identifier. If the reference identifier did not already have an associated data specifier in the database, then electronically-accessible data is associated with the reference identifier. If the reference identifier already had an associated data specifier, the electronically-accessible data identified by the data specifier is accessed.