A method of producing metal oxide nanoparticles in an exfoliated silicate framework by forming an aqueous exfoliated silicate suspension by mixing a layered clay into water until clear. To which is added an acidic hydrated metal species precursor solution, formed by dissolving one or more transitional metal salts, and a non-ionic surfactant. This solution is then aged to precipitate a product precursor before the product precursor is separated and washed. The product precursor is calcined to form metal oxide nanoparticles in an exfoliated silicate framework.