A carbon nanotube-based device (40) includes a substrate (10), a number of catalytic nano-sized particles (131) formed on the substrate, and an aligned carbon nanotube array (15) extending from the alloy catalytic nano-sized particles. The aligned carbon nanotube array progressively bends in a predetermined direction. A method for making the carbon nanotube-based device includes the steps of: providing a substrate; depositing a layer of catalyst on the substrate; depositing a layer of catalyst dopant material on the catalyst layer, for varying a reaction rate of synthesis of the aligned carbon nanotube array; annealing the catalyst and the catalyst dopant material in an oxygen-containing gas at a low temperature; and exposing the nano-sized particles and catalyst dopant material to a carbon-containing source gas at a predetermined temperature such that the aligned carbon nanotube array grows from the substrate.

 
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> Process for causticizing green liquor in chemical recovery from black liquor in alkaline pulping

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