An alignment mark includes a first mark usable for global alignment measurement in the direction of a scribe line, and a second mark usable for pre-alignment measurement in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the scribe line. The first mark is formed by arranging a plurality of strip-shaped X measurement marks whose longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the direction of the scribe line. In the second mark, strip-shaped second measurement marks are arranged at the two ends of the first mark such that the longitudinal direction of the second measurement mark is perpendicular to that of the first measurement mark. The alignment mark can be shared by global alignment and pre-alignment, and applied to a narrow scribe line.

 
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> Method and apparatus for controlling motor-driven throttle valve, automobile, method of measuring temperature of motor for driving automotive throttle valve, and method of measuring motor temperature

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