Apparatus and methods for rapidly diagnosing the presence or absence of the symptoms of neurological pathology caused by physical head trauma (such as occurs in contact sports or automobile collisions), disease (such as occurs in Alzheimer's disease), toxins (substance abuse or environmental toxins) or infection (such as occurs as a side effect of later-stage AIDS infection). These inventions are useful for diagnosing neurological pathology, as well as for monitoring recovery from or maintenance or progression of neurological pathology.