The present invention relates to providing new peptide fragments derived from the sequence of heparin-binding protein (HBP) and/or human neutrophil elastase and using said fragments for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of Gram positive and/or Gram negative infections. Thus, the peptides of the inventions can be used for treatment of pneumonia and/meningitis. The peptides of the invention may also be advantageously used for the treatment of any pathological condition demanding modulating of inflammatory response and/or a condition involving sepsis and/or, disseminated intravascular coagulation. Among other pathological conditions, which may be regarded for the treatment with the peptides of the invention, are conditions involving cell apoptosis.