Thermostructural composite structure having a compositional gradient,
formed from a porous core (5) made of a refractory having a pore volume
content of greater than or equal to 80%. The core (5) lies between two
intermediate layers (6a, 6b) comprising the carbon fiber reinforcement,
densified by a matrix composed of the carbon phase and of a ceramic
phase, and a refractory solid filler. Two monolithic ceramic shells (7a,
7b) cover the intermediate layers in order to give stiffness to the
entire structure.