The present invention relates to decellularized vascular prostheses that are resistant to thrombus occlusion and have a low level of immunogenicity. The vascular prostheses are denuded of cells, and coated with an anti-thrombogenic agent and a growth factor that promotes recellularization and further reduces the immunogenicity. The prostheses have high mechanical strength, resist aneurysm rupture, and allow for secure surgical sutures while maintaining structural integrity. The present invention provides vascular prostheses that are blood vessels, valves or portions of vessels containing valves. The present invention is also useful for coating synthetic vascular stents.