A high-speed image acquisition system includes a source of light; a sensor for acquiring a plurality of images of the target; a system for determining relative movement between the source and the target; and an image processor for processing the acquired images to generate inspection information relative to the target. The system has an extended dynamic range provided by controlling illumination such that the plurality of images is acquired at two or more different illumination levels. In some embodiments, the high-speed image acquisition system is used to perform three dimensional phase profilometry inspection.