Vectors and methods are provided for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders by administration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10. Anti-inflammatory cytokines can be administered as a protein or by gene therapy, using plasmid delivery or a viral vector such as adeno-associated virus (AAV). Diseases including Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Multiple Sclerosis may be treated using the vectors and methods of the invention.