Methods for treating female sexual dysfunction are provided. A pharmaceutical composition containing a vasoactive agent selected from vasoactive intestinal potypeptide (VIP) and VIP agonists is administered to the vagina and/or vulvar region of the individual undergoing treatment. The formulations are also useful for improving vaginal muscle tone and tissue health, enhancing vaginal lubrication, and minimizing excess collagen deposition. Pharmaceutical formulations and kits are also provided.